Based on the DEA-Malmquist evaluation model, this paper measures the efficiency of medical and health resources in 30 provinces in China from 2010 to 2020, reveals its temporal changes and spatial differences, and further analyzes the factors that affect the efficiency of medical and health resources by decomposing total factor productivity. The research shows that: from 2010 to 2020, the efficiency of medical and health resources in 30 provinces across the country has generally improved, but there is still room for further improvement in allocation efficiency; from the perspective of spatial distribution, there are differences in the efficiency of medical and health resources in different provinces. The eastern region has the highest efficiency, followed by the central region, and the spatial distribution of medical and health resources is uneven. Combined with the analysis of total factor productivity, it is found that the shortage of medical equipment and talents restricts the improvement of the efficiency of medical and health resources; from the perspective of the spatial evolution of total factor productivity, the eastern and central regions are relatively stable, while the western regions are affected by policies and the environment. . In order to allocate my country"s medical and health resources reasonably and efficiently, it is necessary to strengthen the construction of medical equipment and talent teams, and improve the level of medical technology; increase medical investment in the western region, and optimize the allocation of the eastern and central regions; strengthen regional exchanges and cooperation, and balance regional differences.