In order to optimize the municipal overall planning management of basic medical insurance in Anhui Province, this paper uses SWOT analysis model to analyze the internal advantages, disadvantages, external opportunities and challenges through various influencing factors faced by basic medical insurance in the process of municipal overall planning. Suggestions are put forward to optimize the insured personnel, establish a risk early warning and responsibility sharing mechanism, promote the reform of medical insurance payment mode, improve the medical insurance management system, strengthen internal and external supervision functions, broaden fund investment channels, and strengthen the training and publicity of municipal overall planning. For make the municipal overall planning of basic medical insurance as soon as possible and lay the foundation for the provincial overall planning in the future.