To explore the application value of direct observation of procedural skills (DOPS) in the standardized training of pediatric residents. 32 pediatric residents were randomly divided into observation group and control group. The observation group was assessed by DOPS, while the control group was assessed by routine methods. The training results of two groups was compared in pediatric bone marrow puncture operation. After DOPS training, the score of the observation group was higher than that of the control group (P < 0.05), and the performance of operation ability and other assessment contents were significantly improved (P < 0.05). DOPS can be used as an assessment method of pediatric bone marrow puncture in the standardized training of pediatric residents, which is helpful to improve the clinical practical operation ability.