From the perspective of development strategy of Healthy China, based on the great opportunities and challenges for public health in China, this paper made a development strategy study and forward-looking countermeasures on the improvement of disease preventive and control system. We should insist the construction and development strategy of disease preventive and control system in China in the new era that Innovating the dual structure framework of infectious and non-infectious disease prevention and control, constructing a new three-level disease prevention and control system, strengthening the connotation construction of public health with prevention first, government leading and the whole society participating, adapting to the change of new medical model.